What Is The Temperature In California - Temperatures in California have risen by about 3°C since the beginning of the 20th century. The six warmest years on record were the most since 2014. Under the high-emissions pathway, unprecedented warming is expected this century.
California's snowpack plays an important role in water supply and flood risk. Melting of former ice sheets is expected to have significant negative impacts on water-dependent sectors and ecosystems due to increased temperatures.
What Is The Temperature In California
Global sea levels are expected to rise by 1-4 feet by 2100. It increases coastal flooding and affects water supply and traffic management.
Climate Change In The Sierra Nevada
The most populous and third largest state in the United States, California has a diverse climate. The southern deserts are some of the hottest and driest regions in the country, with low temperatures and heavy snowfall at higher elevations. The North Pacific High, a semipermanent high pressure system along the Pacific coast, and the midlatitude jet stream play a major role in California's seasonal rainfall patterns. During the summer, the North Pacific High and the jet stream move northward, keeping storms north of the state and making the summer drier. During the winter, this system moves south, allowing storms to bring rain to the state. Due to the moderating influence of the Pacific Ocean, coastal areas experience mild temperatures throughout the year, while inland areas experience a wide range of temperatures. Annual mean (1991–2020 normal) temperatures are below 40 °C in the lower elevations of the mountains, above 50 °C in the northeast and above 70 °C in the southeast. Because of its south-north latitude and the presence of several mountain ranges, extreme weather events often affect only one part of the country. For example, strong El Niño events often produce heavy rainfall in Southern California, but the effects are inconsistent across Northern California.
Observed and projected temperature change (in degrees Fahrenheit) for California from 1900 to 2100. Y-axis values range from minus 2.9 to 13.8 degrees. The annual temperature change from 1900 to 2020 is 1.7 to 4.4 degrees below zero. By the end of the century, low temperatures ranged from 1.8 to 7.5°C, and below the high range from 5.2 to 12.9°C.
Figure 1: Observed and projected near-surface air temperatures for California (1901 to 1960). The observed data are from 1900-2020. Projected changes from 2006 to 2100 are two futures from global climate models: greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase (higher emissions) and greenhouse gas emissions gradually increase (lower emissions). Temperatures in California (orange line) have risen by about 3°C since the beginning of the 20th century. Shading indicates the annual temperature range for the ensemble of models. Observed temperatures are generally within the envelope of historical model simulations (grey shading). Record temperatures are expected this century. Low-emission futures with lower temperatures (coldest end-of-century projected to be 1°F warmer than historical average; green shading) and high-emission futures with warmer temperatures (end-of-century warmest projected to be about 9°F warmer than the warmest year on record) warm; red shade). Source: CISESS and NOAA NCEI.
Temperatures in California have risen about 3°F since the beginning of the 20th century (Figure 1). In the 126-year record (1895-2020), the six warmest years have all occurred since 2014 (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2020). 2015–2020 had the highest number of very warm days, slightly exceeding the record set in the early 1930s, and included the years with the second and third highest values (2017 and 2020; Fig. 2a). The warmest nights have occurred since 2005, including the highest values for six years (2006, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2020; Figure 3). The number of cold nights is below average since 1995 (Figure 4).
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Graph of observed annual very warm days for California from 1930 to 2020. Y-axis values range from 15 to 35 days. Annual values show year-to-year variation, ranging from 20 to 35 days. Multilingual values also show variability and are above the long-term average of 27 days from 1930 to 1939, mostly near or below the 1940 to 1999 average, and above the average since 2000. The period 1965 to 1969 had the lowest diversity values, 1930 to 1934 and 2015 to 2020 the highest.
Annual precipitation in California from 1895 to 2020 is illustrated graphically. The Y axis marks 10 to 40 inches. Annual values show year-to-year variation, ranging from 8 to 42 inches. Multiannual values also show variability and are near or below the long-term average of 22.1 inches during this period. Exceptions are the periods 1940 to 1944, 1980 to 1984, and 1995 to 1999, which have above-average, rich values. The periods 1930 to 1934 and 1985 to 1989 are multi-year values.
Graph of total winter precipitation in California from 1895-96 to 2019. Y-axis values range from 0 to 25 inches. Annual values show year-to-year variation, ranging from 4 to 23 inches. The multi-year values also show variability and the long-term average for this period is close to or less than 11.5 inches. The exceptions are the periods 1940 to 1944 and 1995 to 1999, which are above average and have the richest values. The period from 1945 to 1949 was the lowest multi-year value.
A graph of observed annual 2-inch rainfall events in California from 1930 to 2020. Y-axis values range from 0 to 3.0 days. Annual values show year-to-year variation, ranging from 0.4 to 2.6 days. Multiannual values also show variability, often near or below the long-term average of 1.1 days over this period. The exceptions are the periods 1980 to 1984 and 1995 to 1999, which are above average and have the richest values. The period from 1930 to 1934 was the lowest multi-year value.
Sunday And Monday Will Begin 'a Quick Trip Back To Summer' In L.a. Region, Forecasters Say
Figure 2: Observed (a) annual summer hot days (maximum temperature above 100 °C), (b) annual precipitation, (c) winter total (December–February) precipitation, ( d) Annual number of 2-inch extreme precipitation events (2-inch or more wet days) for California for (a,d) 1930 to 2020 and (b,c) 1895 to 2020. Period (last bar is 6-year average). Horizontal black lines indicate long-term (overall period) averages: (a) 27 days, (b) 22.1 inches, (c) 11.5 inches, and (d) 1.1 days. . Below the average since 2000. There is no long-term trend in winter precipitation. Even two-inch extreme precipitation events do not indicate an overall trend. A typical site has 1 event per year. Empirical sources: CISESS and NOAA NCEI data: (a) GHCN-daily from 75 long stations (b, c) nClimDiv; (4) GHCN-104 from long-term sites.
Graph of observed annual warmest nights for California from 1930 to 2020. Y-axis values range from 8 to 18 nights. Annual rates vary from year to year and range from 10 to 17 nights. Multiannual values also show variability, with 12 nights from 1930 to 1939 above the long-term average, but from 1940 to 1994 all near or below. Since 1995, the multi-year values have all moved closer to the mean. The multi-year values from 1940 to 1944 are the lowest, and the period from 2015 to 2020 is above average.
Figure 3: Annual very hot nights (minimum temperature of 75 °C or higher) observed in California from 1930 to 2020. Dots represent annual values. Bars represent the 5-year average (the last bar is the 6-year average). The horizontal black line shows the long-term (overall) 12-night average (note that averages for individual reporting points may vary due to the large range of elevations in the state). There have been many warm nights since 2005. Source: CISESS and NOAA NCEI. Data: GHCN- Daily from 75 long stations.
Graph of observed annual cold nights for California from 1930 to 2020. Y-axis values range from 2 to 12 nights. Annual values show year-to-year variation of about 4 to 11 nights. Multiannual values also show variability, often above the long-term average of 5.5 nights or more from 1930 to 1994, but the lowest since 1995. The period 1980 to 1984 has the lowest multi-year language value, and the period 1945 to 1949 has the highest.
Could Already Bad Drought Conditions Get Worse For California?
Figure 4: Number of cold nights per year
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