Lowest Temperature Recorded On Earth - How cold can the Earth's surface be? Around 144°F, according to recent satellite measurements of the coldest known place on Earth.
Scientists recorded this extreme temperature in the deep ice of central Antarctica during the long, dark winter. As they reported this week in Geophysical Research Letters, the team thinks it's much colder than it could be in this corner of our solar system.
Lowest Temperature Recorded On Earth
"Earth is a place where it's close to its limit, it's almost like any other planet," said study leader Ted Scambos, a researcher at the University's National Snow and Ice Data Center. from Colorado, to Boulder. .
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The measurement broke the previous record for the coldest air temperature known in the natural world: a chill of 128.6°F felt in 1983 at the Russian station of Vostok, not far from the South Pole. Humans can't breathe such cold air for a few breaths, it can cause the lungs to bleed. Russian scientists visiting weather stations wear masks that heat the air before inhaling it.
While the ice at the southeast pole appears exposed on the surface, it actually opens up slightly from the center to the edges like a large, cold turtle shell. Vostok sits near the top of the dome, about 2.2 miles above the ice, but not quite at the tip. The Scambos team suspected it would be colder in the upper parts of the glacier.
There are no weather stations above the ice, and no one to monitor them in the dead of winter in Antarctica. But the satellite can detect the surface temperature of the ice as it passes over it. Scambos and his colleagues therefore sifted through years of satellite data, noting when and where temperatures dropped.
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Sure enough, they found about 100 distinct pockets of smoke scattered across the highest part of the glacier. The coldest place is in a shallow hole in the ice, a small hole where the ground is not very stable. This is likely because cold air sinks into these depressions like it sinks into river valleys or canyons, said John Turner, a British Antarctic Survey scientist who was not involved in the study. .
The air warms a few degrees above the surface, where Vostok scientists previously recorded the coldest temperature. By comparing satellite measurements with data from the nearest weather station, Scambos and his team found that air temperatures in the region would be warmer near human head height, around 137°F. But on the ground, where your feet touch the ice, they found the temperature to be minus 144°F.
"But you hope your feet don't touch the snow," Scambos said. "It's not going to be fun."
Only very special circumstances lead to extreme cold. First, it must be dead in winter, long after midnight sunset for the season. Then the wind should be calm for a few days and the sky should be clear with no clouds or diamond dust on the ice.
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Even if it's cold, the ice gives off a little heat. Typically, most of this heat is captured by water vapor in the atmosphere and returned to the atmosphere, absorbing heat in the lower atmosphere.
But during Antarctica's dry season, when most of the water vapor is removed from the atmosphere, "it starts to open windows that don't open anywhere else on Earth," Scambos said. Then the latent heat given off by the ice can escape into space, making the ice colder.
The super-bright conditions that cause these cold phenomena are perfect for observing from space, so scientists placed a telescope just a few miles from the cold spots the Scambos team identified.
“Evaporation is our enemy,” says University of Arizona astronomer Craig Kulesa, who directs the Antarctic Terahertz Telescope, or, ironically, HEAT. "We put the telescope in this very dry place, but if we put it 10 kilometers away, would that be better?"
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This is perhaps a question that needs to be considered as the climate is changing all over the world, although there is no other place on this planet that could be better. The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases, which means that the heat given off by the ice is trapped closer to the earth, keeping it warmer. As a result, clear conditions ideal for observation from space will be less frequent - and any scientist hoping to break records for extreme cold on Earth could be outdated.
"When we see an increase in greenhouse gases and water vapor, we expect Antarctica to warm by about 3-4°C," Turner said. "Seeing a further drop in temperature would be more likely. It's only slightly less likely."
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In the Northern Rockies, grizzly bears climb the mountains to eat 40,000 cockroaches a day, a mysterious ecological wonder. Oymyakon, Russia - once considered the coldest permanently inhabited city in the world - dropped to minus 88 degrees. Tuesday.
Surprisingly, 88°C is not the lowest temperature in this diamond-rich Russian region of Yakutia, part of Siberia.
Residents embraced the cold, as evidenced by social media posts of cold-weather selfies and stories of reactions to extreme heat, the Associated Press reported. . Women posted candid photos of their eyebrows, while Yakutia Media posted pictures of Chinese students stripping naked to soak in hot springs.
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The cold had a big impact. Last weekend, two men were killed trying to walk to a nearby farm when their car broke down. And even though pupils are going to school at around 40, schools in the area have been closed this week.
Still, for the most part the bitter temperatures didn't bother the hardy residents of Oymyakon (population 500), which is about 3,300 miles east of Moscow. Local officials said Tuesday that all homes and businesses in the area operate with central heating and access to generators.
Although the official temperature on Tuesday was just 74, some residents recorded temperatures as low as 88 in their homes.
Reported. It's not far below 89.9 degrees, the coldest officially on record for a permanently populated city anywhere in the world and the coldest in the Northern Hemisphere.
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According to Weather Underground's Christopher Burt, an unofficial temperature of minus 108 degrees was recorded in Oymyakon.
And the winters there are long and brutal, he said: There has been no record of temperatures above zero degrees Fahrenheit there since December 1. March 1 and 1.
As for the coldest temperature in the world, it will definitely remain in Antarctica, where 128.6 below zero was recorded in 1983 at the Vostok research station. on land: a very cold -144°F (-98°C), easily beating all previous dimensions.
The record low, measured on the East Antarctica shelf, where the South Pole is located, did not specify a specific date, but relied on an analysis of data taken by satellites between 2004 and 2016 to show but this low temperature occurs whenever the conditions are right. .
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It beat the previous lowest temperature recorded by a ground station on July 23, 1983 at Vostok Station in Antarctica. It also exceeded the previous satellite estimate of -135°F using the same method in 2013.
In a paper in Geophysical Research Letters, researchers from several institutions led by Ted Scambos, a principal investigator at the National Snow and Ice Data Center at the University of Colorado-Boulder, found that with the right conditions, the temperature drops more lower than expected. . a day with very clear skies, light winds and dry air.
Two miles above sea level (about 3,500 m), at the top of the ice that covers the East Antarctic plateau - near the Vostok station gauge, in real terms - temperatures are often below -130°F (-90°C)). However, a pocket of strong, very cold air descends and becomes trapped in a small depression only 6 to 9 feet deep. This warmer air allows the snow in these holes to release more heat, allowing for lower ground temperatures.
This new research combined data from many
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