Military Like Training For Civilians - Enter and Clear the Room: The Story of Battle Drill 6, and Why the Army Needs More Tactical Training Like - Not Less.
Earlier this month, the Modern Warfare Institute published an opinion piece, "The Tyranny of Battle Drill 6," by retired Colonel Richard Hooker. In the article, Hooker argues that because of the culture of special urban tactics, regular infantrymen should completely stop training to clear cameras. This is a dangerous position, which ignores much of the context surrounding why the US Army is preparing close combat structures for urban warfare. In fact, the Army should be done
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The idea that young soldiers should stop training to clean cameras has not been recognized by international trends, the history of the Army, or the nature of modern warfare.
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The world is urbanizing at an unprecedented rate and pace. In 1970, only 1.3 billion of the 3.7 billion people lived in cities. By 2020, more than 4.3 billion (56 percent) of the 7.7 billion people lived in cities. The United Nations estimates that by 2050 two-thirds of the world will be urban. Across Western Europe, America, Australia, Japan and the Middle East today, more than 80 percent of the population lives in cities. Rapid urbanization, globalization, the collapse of central and regional powers, and resource scarcity have contributed to turning political violence, civil war, and conflict in general into an urban phenomenon. The age of urban warfare has already arrived.
Cities are the economic and political centers of attraction for nations and historically have been places of conflict between the ages. Both state-sponsored and non-state actors see fighting in urban land and embedded in civilian populations as an effective countermeasure to Western ingenuity, fire and intelligence, surveillance and detection capabilities. The need for Army structures to close down and destroy enemy forces in buildings and rooms to support the service's mission statement - "defeat the enemy's ground forces and indefinitely control the enemy's most valuable assets - its land, resources and numbers of the people." - just grow up.
The starting point of Hooker's resistance is a video that went viral on social media in February 2021. The video shows soldiers of the 10th Mountain Division mistakenly conducting infantry Drill 6 - "Enter and Clear the Room". Despite Hooker's argument against regular infantrymen cleaning rooms, the soldiers in the video were not infantry. It may seem like a small detail, but it becomes important when we examine the history and evolution of room clearing training (using close combat techniques) conducted by the Army in the modern era.
Many urban warfare scholars associate the beginnings of close combat (CQB, also sometimes called close combat) with the failed raid to save Israel's Olympic Games in Munich in 1972. As Hooker notes, CQB techniques were developed and refined. and counter-terrorism units. as Special Operations Forces-Delta (SFOD-D) evolves into other special operations forces and eventually into regular military units, both in the United States and around the world. What people often mistake is that CQB is not the beginning of US Army room cleaning techniques.
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The US Army has a long history of doctrine that reflects its experience in urban environments. Fields of instruction on urban warfare, including techniques for use primarily in towns and villages, pre-date World War II, but post-World War II army manuals are the earliest methods to establish room-clearing regulations. The Army had learned important lessons from its experiences in major World War II battles such as Aachen and Manila and in later urban battles such as Seoul during the Korean War and Hue in Vietnam.
- described "how to attack and clear buildings" and was one of the Army's first attempts to formalize methods of clearing rooms using lessons learned during and after World War II. The order was simple: Step 1, open the door. Step 2, throw a grenade. Step 3, enter the hot room and research.
, which had a section on how to clean a room. An assault team of at least two soldiers is required. He was sewing a bomb for himself and then throwing it across the room. After the explosion, a soldier quickly entered and moved from the door to one side or the other, sprayed the room with live fire, then took a position where he could watch the whole room while the other member entered. A later version of the manual published in 1992-FM 90-10-1,
- described cleaning the room more deliberately with the command as "next person in, left" (or right). The method always suggested a team of two.
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One of the first demonstrations of combat exercises (previously called joint patrol tasks) was in 1992 FM 7-8,
, which includes Battle Drill 6, "Enter Building/Open Room". The exercise required heavy suppressive fire from the platoon that approached the building, followed again by a platoon of two (now called the platoon leader and the platoon leader), one on each side of the door, fired. grenade. in and then log in. One soldier would go to the left, the other to the right, but now the doctrine stated that soldiers were only to engage an identified or suspected enemy.
There is another document where you can find infantry warfare training, urban warfare content and room clearing techniques - the US Army Ranger School Manual. . The 1992 Ranger Handbook listed and described Battle Drill 6 in the same manner as it appeared in FM 7-8. The 2000 Ranger Handbook did not include Battle Drill 6, but it did include a new chapter on close combat, which included the use of the "four-man stack" technique to clear rooms—a significant change from the instructional manual. of the room should be done by two soldiers only.
In 2003, the Army instituted "Combatant Careers and Combat Training" that required all soldiers deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan to undergo training. "Enter and Clear the Room" soon became necessary for all soldiers. This may seem surprising, but considering the nature of the fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan, it was not just infantrymen who performed missions that required clearing rooms. It was a frequent practice for non-infantry units - artillery, cavalry, engineers and others - to be given possession of the battle space, forced to carry out urban operations, especially raids against insurgent or terrorist targets. One of the most frequent offensive missions that soldiers performed was an intelligence-led raid on targets in a permissive and often urban environment (ie, a situation where the entire urban area was not hostile and the unit discovered a known or probable enemy position) where the enemy. was mixed with civilians. The Army's tactics match its needs in counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency operations.
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In the next update of FM 7-8, which came out in 2007 and renamed the manual FM 3-21.8, all infantry fighting exercises were removed and a new section called "Clear the Room" described a method similar to "four people. fire ." team" which was detailed in the 2000 Ranger Handbook. When battle drills were written for infantry instruction in the 2016 edition of FM 3-21.8, Battle Drills 6 was back, but with a slight name change - "Enter and Clear the Room" - and explain the four-man stack method.
The biggest problem represented by the video of the 10th Mountain Division soldiers is not the soldiers doing Battle Drill 6 wrong, but the many junior officers who stood over them without realizing the serious safety violations and tactical errors. Those errors should be corrected in dry, blank training sessions long before live rounds are loaded into the weapon.
Raised by special operations forces training priorities and strengthened by experience in 1993 during Operation Gothic Serpent - better known as Black Hawk Down - in Mogadishu, Somalia, the special operations community created several urban warfare courses. These courses, which still exist today - such as Special Forces Advanced Tactics, Target Analysis and Exploitation Tactics (SFARTAETC), Special Forces Urban Combat (SFAUC), and others - ensure CQB skills in special operations soldiers and junior officers have a basis. skills
Although regular Army units gradually adopted CQB tactics in infantry training and exercises — and after 2000 required all soldiers to train on the new Battle Pipes 6 — they did not establish a solid system to ensure that tactics were taught, taught, and standardized across the larger Army. . Not a common infantry community or the entire Army has ever provided a school like the one attended by special operations forces to ensure military discipline. There are instances where individual units created programs—like, interestingly, the 10th Mountain Division Leader's Course—but these efforts were usually short-lived before being shut down. Army units sent soldiers to special operations courses, but it was never enough to ensure that the Army had the resident knowledge to properly train tactics throughout the army. Thus, without a well-trained cadre from some sort of urban high school, the formation of units was often influenced by word of mouth from individual experience rather than standardized methods. Therefore, it was not just a lack of ammunition and during training Hooker recognized
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